| Reduction Half–Reaction |
Standard Potential,
Eo(V)
|
Acid Solution
|
|
F2(g) + 2 e–
2 F–(aq) |
2.86
|
| OF2(g) + 2 H+
(aq) + 4 e–
H2O(l) + 2 F–(aq) |
2.1
|
| O3(g) + 2 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
O2(g) + H2O(l) |
2.075
|
| S2O82–
(aq) + 2 e–
2 SO42–(aq) |
2.01
|
| Ag2+(aq) + e–
Ag+(aq) |
1.98
|
| Co3+(aq) + e–
Co2+(aq) |
1.82
|
| H2O2(aq) +
2 H+(aq) + 2 e–
2 H2O(l) |
1.763
|
| MnO4–(aq
) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e–
MnO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) |
1.70
|
| PbO2(s) + SO4
2–(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e–
PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l) |
1.69
|
| Au3+(aq) + 3 e–
Au(s) |
1.52
|
| MnO4–(aq
) + 8 H+(aq) + 5 e–
Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l) |
1.51
|
| 2 BrO3–
(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e–
Br2(l) + 6 H2O(l) |
1.478
|
| PbO2(s) + 4 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
Pb2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) |
1.455
|
| ClO3–
(aq) + 6 H+(aq) + 6 e–
Cl–(aq) + 3 H2O(l) |
1.450
|
| Ce4+(aq) + e–
Ce3+(aq) |
1.44
|
| Au3+(aq) + 2 e–
Au+(aq) |
1.36
|
| Cl2(g) + 2 e–
2 Cl–(aq) |
1.358
|
| Cr2O72–
(aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6 e–
2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l) |
1.33
|
| MnO2(s) + 4 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) |
1.23
|
| O2(g) + 4 H+
(aq) + 4 e–
2 H2O(l) |
1.229
|
| 2 IO3–
(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e–
I2(s) + 6 H2O(l) |
1.20
|
| ClO4–
(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e–
ClO3–(aq) + H2O(
l) |
1.19
|
| ClO3–
(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e–
ClO2(g) + H2O(l) |
1.175
|
| NO2(g) + H+
(aq) + e–
HNO2(aq) |
1.07
|
| Br2(l) + 2 e–
2 Br–(aq) |
1.065
|
| NO2(g) + 2 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
NO(g) + H2O(l) |
1.03
|
| [AuCl4]–
(aq) + 3 e–
Au(s) + 4 Cl–(aq) |
1.002
|
| VO2+(aq
) + 2 H+(aq) + e–
VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) |
1.000
|
| NO3–(aq
) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e–
NO(g) + 2 H2O(l) |
0.956
|
| 2 Hg2+(aq) + 2 e–
Hg22+(aq) |
0.90
|
| Cu2+(aq) + I
–(aq) + e–
CuI(s) |
0.86
|
| Hg2+(aq) + 2 e–
Hg(l) |
0.854
|
| Ag+(aq) + e–
Ag(s) |
0.800
|
| Hg22+(aq)
+ 2 e–
2 Hg(l) |
0.80
|
| Fe3+(aq) + e–
Fe2+(aq) |
0.771
|
| O2(g) + 2 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
H2O2(aq) |
0.695
|
| 2 HgCl2(s) + 2 e–
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 Cl–(
aq) |
0.63
|
| MnO4–(aq
) + e–
MnO42–(aq) |
0.56
|
| I2(s) + 2 e–
2 I–(aq) |
0.535
|
| Cu+(aq) + e–
Cu(s) |
0.520
|
| H2SO3(aq)
+ 4 H+(aq) + 4 e–
S(s) + 3 H2O(l) |
0.449
|
| C2N2(g) +
2 H+(aq) + 2e–
2 HCN(aq) |
0.37
|
| [Fe(CN)6]3–(aq) + e–
[Fe(CN)6]4–(aq) |
0.361
|
| Cu2+(aq) + 2 e–
Cu(s) |
0.340
|
| VO2+(aq) + 2 H
+(aq) + e–
V3+(aq) + H2O(l) |
0.337
|
| PbO2(s) + 2 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
PbO(s) + H2O(l) |
0.28
|
| HgCl2(s) + 2 e–
Hg(l) + 2 Cl–(aq) |
0.2676
|
| HAsO2(aq) + 3 H+
(aq) + 3 e–
As(s) + 2 H2O(l) |
0.240
|
| AgCl(s) + e–
Ag(s) + Cl–(aq) |
0.2223
|
| SO42–(aq
) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e–
SO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) |
0.17
|
| Cu2+(aq) + e–
Cu+(aq) |
0.159
|
| Sn4+(aq) + 2 e–
Sn2+(aq) |
0.154
|
| S(s) + 2 H+(aq
) + 2 e–
H2S(g) |
0.14
|
| AgBr(s) + e–
Ag(s) + Br –(aq) |
0.071
|
| 2 H+(aq) + 2 e–
H2(g) |
0.00
|
| Fe3+(aq) + 3 e–
Fe(s) |
–0.04
|
| Pb2+(aq) + 2 e–
Pb(s) |
–0.125
|
| Sn2+(aq) + 2 e–
Sn(s) |
–0.137
|
| AgI(s) + e–
Ag(s) + I –(aq) |
–0.152
|
| V3+(aq) + e–
V2+(aq) |
–0.255
|
| Ni2+(aq) + 2 e–
Ni(s) |
–0.257
|
| H3PO4(aq)
+ 2 H+(aq) + 2 e–
H3PO3(aq) + H2O(l) |
–0.276
|
| Co2+(aq) + 2 e–
Co(s) |
–0.277
|
| PbSO4(s) + 2 e–
Pb(s) + SO42–(aq) |
–0.356
|
| Cd2+(aq) + 2 e–
Cd(s) |
–0.403
|
| Cr3+(aq) + e–
Cr2+(aq) |
–0.424
|
| Fe2+(aq) + 2 e–
Fe(s) |
–0.440
|
| 2 CO2(g) + 2 H+
(aq) + 2 e–
H2C2O4(aq) |
–0.49
|
| Cr3+(aq) + 3 e–
Cr(s) |
–0.74
|
| Zn2+(aq) + 2 e–
Zn(s) |
–0.763
|
| Cr2+(aq) + 2 e–
Cr(s) |
–0.90
|
| Mn2+(aq) + 2 e–
Mn(s) |
–1.18
|
| Ti2+(aq) + 2 e–
Ti(s) |
–1.63
|
| U3+(aq) + 3 e–
U(s) |
–1.66
|
| Al3+(aq) + 3 e–
Al(s) |
–1.676
|
| Mg2+(aq) + 2 e–
Mg(s) |
–2.356
|
| Na+(aq) + e–
Na(s) |
–2.713
|
| Ca2+(aq) + 2 e–
Ca(s) |
–2.84
|
| Sr2+(aq) + 2 e–
Sr(s) |
–2.89
|
| Ba2+(aq) + 2 e–
Ba(s) |
–2.92
|
| Cs+(aq) + e–
Cs(s) |
–2.923
|
| K+(aq) + e–
K(s) |
–2.924
|
| Rb+(aq) + e–
Rb(s) |
–2.924
|
| Li+(aq) + e–
Li(s) |
–3.04
|
|
|
| Basic Solution |
|
| O3(g) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
O2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) |
1.246
|
| ClO–(aq) + H
2O(l) + 2 e–
Cl–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) |
0.890
|
| HO2–
(aq) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
3 OH–(aq) |
0.88
|
| BrO–(aq) + H
2O(l) + 2 e–
Br–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq
) |
0.766
|
| ClO3–(aq
) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 e–
Cl –(aq) + 6 OH–(aq) |
0.622
|
| 2 AgO(s) + H2O(l
) +2 e–
Ag2O(s) + 2 OH–(aq) |
0.604
|
| MnO4–(aq
) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 e–
MnO2(s) + 4 OH–(aq) |
0.60
|
| ClO2–(aq
) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
ClO–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) |
0.59
|
| BrO3–(aq
) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 e–
Br–(aq) + 6 OH–(aq) |
0.584
|
| IO–(aq) + H
2O(l) + 2 e–
I–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) |
0.49
|
| Ni(OH)3(s) + e–
Ni(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) |
0.48
|
| BrO–(aq) + 2 H
2O(l) + 2 e–
Br2(l) + 4 OH–(aq) |
0.455
|
| IO–(aq) + 2 H
2O(l) + 2 e–
I2(s) + 4 OH–(aq) |
0.42
|
| O2(g) + 2 H2
O(l) + 4 e–
4 OH–(aq) |
0.401
|
| ClO3–(aq
) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
ClO2–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq
) |
0.35
|
| Ag2O(s) + H2
O(l) + 2 e–
2 Ag(s) + 2 OH–(aq) |
0.342
|
| Co(OH)3(s) + e–
Co(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) |
0.17
|
| ClO4–(aq
) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
ClO3–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq
) |
0.17
|
| NO3–(aq
) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
NO2–(aq) +2 OH–(aq
) |
0.01
|
| CrO42–(
aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 3 e–
[Cr(OH)4]–(aq) + 4 OH–
(aq) |
–0.13
|
| HPbO2–
(aq) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
Pb(s) + 3 OH–(aq) |
–0.54
|
| CH2O(aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e–
CH3OH(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) |
–0.59
|
| SO32–(aq
) + 3 H2O(l) + 4 e–
S(s) + 6 OH–(aq) |
–0.66
|
| AsO43–(
aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e–
AsO2–(aq) + 4 OH–(aq
) |
–0.67
|
| AsO2–(aq
) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 e–
As(s) + 4 OH–(aq) |
–0.68
|
| 2 H2O(l) + 2 e–
H2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) |
–0.828
|
| OCN–(aq
) + H2O(l) + 2 e–
CN–(aq) + 2 OH –
(aq) |
–0.97
|
| As(s) + 3 H2O(l
) + 3 e–
AsH3(g) + 3 OH–(aq) |
–1.21
|
| [Zn(OH)4]2–
(aq) + 2 e–
Zn(s) + 4 OH–(aq) |
–1.285
|
| Sb(s) + 3 H2O(l
) + 3 e–
SbH3(g) + 3 OH–(aq) |
–1.338
|
| [Al(OH)4]–
(aq) + 3 e–
Al(s) + 4 OH–(aq) |
–2.310
|
| Mg(OH)2(s) + 2 e
–
Mg(s) + 2 OH–(aq) |
–2.687
|